Each spell has several attributes noted in its description.

​Casting Time – Different spells take different time to cast. It is either Action, Bonus Action, Reaction, or a length in minutes.
If a spell takes longer than an Action to cast, you must spend every action after you start casting to cast, and also must keep concentration while you do so (concentration is detailed below). If your fail to do so, the spell fails, but no FP is spent.

​Components – the physical requirements you must be capable of performing. It is either Verbal (V), Somatic (S), Material (M) or a combination of any of the three.
Verbal require the chanting of words, therefore being gagged or in an area of a silencing spell prohibits you from doing so.
Somatic require specific gestures, sometimes with the use of items. For that, the caster must have at least one hand free of use. This free hand may be holding a wand, rod, staff or other item through which the spell is being channeled, however the hand must still have full freedom of movement.
Material is a physical item that is used in the casting of the spell. When casting a spell with a material component, the materials are always consumed. The caster must have one free hand to reach for the components, but it may be the same hand used for a somatic component of a spell.

​Duration – how long the spell lasts. It is either Instantaneous (I), a duration in rounds, minutes or other acceptable unit of time or Concentration (C ), followed by a duration in parenthesis.
Instantaneous spells have their effect take place and nothing else.
Longer duration spells have their effect be active for a longer period of time.
Concentration spells require you to keep focused on the spell to keep the magic active. Normal activity does not break the concentration. Aside from ending concentration on your own (no action required) or keeping the spell active for the maximum duration (automatically cancels the effect), these factors also can break it:
Casting another spell that requires concentration – you cannot concentrate on multiple spells at once. You lose concentration on the first spell when you cast another that requires concentration.  Spells with a casting time longer than 1 Action also break concentration but spells with the Instantaneous duration do not break concentration.

Taking damage – whenever you take damage while concentrating, you must make a Saving throw with a DC of either 10 or half the damage you took, whichever is higher. On a fail, you lose concentration.
Being knocked unconscious or getting killed – you automatically lose concentration when incapacitated.

​Range – how far away the target can be. It is either self (S), Close (C) or Long (L). Long range have a value in feet in parenthesis. The ranges work the same way as ranges for weapons.

​Target – it is either a specific creature(s), or an Area of Effect (AoE). With a creature, you must have a clear sight line to it. You can choose yourself as the target, unless the spell states otherwise.
AoE spells come in 4 different shapes – Cone, Cube, Line or Sphere. Each AoE has a point of origin, from where the magic of the spell erupts. The range of the spell here refers to the distance to the point of origin, not the entire effect. Aside from the sphere, the point of origin is not included in the spell’s effect, unless you decide otherwise.
Cone – a conical shape extends from the point of origin. The width of the cone is always equal to the length from the point of origin. The size of the AoE is expressed as the maximum length of the cone.
Cube – The point of origin lies on any of the face of the cube’s effect. The AoE size is the length of each of the sides.
Line – A straight line extends from the point of origin. The size of the AoE is the length and width of the line.
Sphere – The point of origin is the center of the sphere. The size of the AoE is generally the diametr of the sphere, but sometimes it is the radius.